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ZYBERNO
Stock Report
Updated Aug 28, 2026

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (WAB)

Industrial • NYSE

$297.28
Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation (Wabtec) is an American freight car and locomotive equipment manufacturer headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The company provides equipment, systems, digital solutions, and value-added services for the global rail and transit industries, including freight and passenger locomotives, brakes, couplers, positive train control systems, and locomotive services. Wabtec was formed from the 2019 merger of Wabtec Corporation and GE Transportation.

Professional Investment Analysis

ZYBERNO SCORE →
Is it a great business? Is it getting better?
56.0/100
AVERAGE BUSINESS
WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (WAB) scores 56/100 — decent metrics but limited evidence of durable competitive advantage.
📊 How is the Zyberno Score calculated? +
VALUATION SIGNAL
MARGIN OF SAFETY
Is this stock cheap or expensive relative to what the business has historically generated for owners?
-70.3%
Overvalued
Is the market underestimating or overestimating what this business is capable of going forward?
-3.3%
Slight Overestimate
↑ UNDER
+50%
Brina Gap
-50%
↓ OVER
← OVERVALUED
-100%
Margin of Safety
UNDERVALUED →
+100%
UNDERESTIMATED
GROWTH
DOUBLE
DISCOUNT
EXPENSIVE
HYPE
VALUE
TRAP
0,0
MoS -70.3%  ·  Gap -3.3%

Two independent signals. One tells you if the stock is cheap relative to what the business has historically generated for owners — the Margin of Safety. The other tells you if the market is underestimating what the business is capable of going forward — the Brina Gap.

They are calculated from completely different data sources and answer completely different questions. The Margin of Safety reads the past. The Brina Gap reads the present economics and compares them against what the current stock price is assuming about the future.

When both point in the same direction simultaneously — DOUBLE DISCOUNT — the probability of genuine mispricing is high. The market is wrong on two independent dimensions at once, which is rare and significant.

The most dangerous scenario is not an overvalued stock — those are easy to avoid. It is a VALUE TRAP: a stock that appears cheap historically but where the market is already pricing in stronger growth than the business fundamentals support. Without the Brina Gap signal this looks identical to a genuine opportunity. The matrix separates them instantly.

The Brina Gap is the more powerful of the two signals. Most investors and analytical tools focus on valuation alone — whether a stock is cheap relative to earnings. Far fewer systematically compare what the business economics structurally support against what the stock price is actually assuming. That gap between fundamental growth potential and market expectations is where the most reliable mispricings live, and where this matrix earns its value.

Use this as your first filter. A stock in DOUBLE DISCOUNT territory is worth investigating. Everything else requires either more caution or a specific reason to act.

EXPENSIVE HYPE
In the Brina Matrix, WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (WAB) registers Expensive Hype — Margin of Safety -70.3% and Brina Gap -3.3% are both unfavorable. The stock is priced above its historical earnings power and the market already assumes faster growth than the fundamentals support.
🎯 Expected Annual Return →
-1.1%
Margin of Safety convergence — your return if the market re-prices to intrinsic value (5-yr annualised)
7.5%
Brina Gap convergence — your return if the market corrects the growth mispricing the Gap measures
15.7%
Yield + growth — what the business alone earns you, even if the market never re-rates
💰 How is Margin of Safety calculated? +
📈 How is Brina Gap calculated? +

Critical Financial Health Indicators

Return on Equity (Profitability):AVERAGE (11.4%)
Debt-to-Equity (Solvency Risk):AVERAGE (0.62x)
Operating Margin (Operational Efficiency):GOOD (16.4%)
Return on Capital (Capital Efficiency):POOR (8.4%)
📊 Valuation Trilogy
Three interconnected metrics for complete valuation analysis
💎
Intrinsic Value
DCF Fair Value
$174.57
🛡️
Margin of Safety
Valuation Gap
-70.3%
🎯
Expected Return
Projected Annual
-1.1%
Click any metric for full methodology and detailed analysis
Zyberno's Verdict

According to Zyberno, WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (WAB) is not a buy — AVERAGE BUSINESS (56/100) with a negative Margin of Safety of -70.3% and a Brina Gap of -3.3% showing the market already prices in more growth than the fundamentals support.

According to Zyberno's DCF model, WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (WAB) trades at $297.28 against an estimated intrinsic value per share of $174.57 — a -70.3% Margin of Safety based on Owner Earnings of $1.51B TTM, projected at 10.0% growth for 10 years with a 2.5% terminal growth rate. The Brina Gap of -3.3% weakens the case: based on the company's ROIC (8.4%) and reinvestment rate (151.3%), the business can fundamentally grow at 12.8% — but the current enterprise value implies the market expects 16.0%. This places WAB in the Expensive Hype quadrant of the Brina Matrix, the most fragile combination — overvalued on cash AND overpriced on growth. Zyberno's model translates this into a 5-year expected return of -1.1% annually.

Over the trailing twelve months, WAB generated $1.51B in Owner Earnings. Capital was deployed as follows: $242.00M returned via share buybacks, $192.00M paid as dividends, $262.00M invested in capital expenditures. Reinvestment rate: 151.3%. Owner Earnings have grown at 10.0% annually over the trailing five years using log-linear regression.

DIVISION I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. Market Valuation

Market Price & Capitalization (2)

Current Price:297.28
Market Cap:$50.27B

Valuation Multiples (4)

P/E Ratio:
39.96x
📊 Click to view full WAB P/E analysis →
P/B Ratio:4.47x
P/S Ratio:4.20x
Peg Ratio:3.67x

Enterprise Metrics (3)

Enterprise Value:$56.84B
Ev Ebitda Ratio:20.94x
Pfcf Ratio:33.40x

Price Action & Momentum (3)

12-1 Momentum:
+58.3% (70th pctile)
📈 Click to view full WAB Momentum analysis →
Momentum Percentile:70 / 100
% of 52-Week High:96.9%
B. Profitability Assessment

Return Metrics (7)

ROE:
11.4%
📊 Click to view full WAB ROE analysis →
ROA:5.6%
Roic:
8.4%
📊 Click to view full WAB ROIC analysis →
Reinvestment Rate:151.3%
Fundamental Growth Rate (g):12.8%
Market-Implied Growth Rate:16.0%
Brina Gap:
-3.3%
☷ Click to view full WAB Brina Gap analysis →

Margin Analysis (3)

Operating Margin Ttm:16.4%
Net Margin Ttm:10.6%
Ebitda Margin:22.7%

TTM Performance (3)

Gross Margin Ttm:35.0%
Operating Margin Ttm:16.4%
Net Margin Ttm:10.6%

Yield Metrics (3)

Earnings Yield:$2.50
Owner Earnings Yield:$2.99
Dividend Yield:0.4%
C. Log-Linear Regression Growth Trends

Earnings Surprise (SUE) (3)

Earnings Surprise (SUE):
+0.63
📊 Click to view full WAB Earnings Surprise analysis →
EPS Surprise vs Expected:5.7%
Latest Earnings Filed:2026-07-22

Revenue Growth (Linear) (1)

Revenue Growth Rate (Linear):9.4%

Earnings Growth (Linear) (1)

Net Income Growth Rate (Linear):22.3%

Cash Flow Growth (Linear) (2)

Free Cash Flow Growth Rate (Linear):10.1%
Operating Cash Flow Growth Rate (Linear):10.7%

Operating Growth (Linear) (1)

Operating Income Growth Rate (Linear):20.9%
D. Financial Stability

Liquidity Ratios (3)

Current Ratio:1.12x
Quick Ratio:0.59x
Cash Ratio:0.00x

Leverage Analysis (3)

Debt To Equity Ttm:0.62x
Debt-to-Equity Ratio:0.62x
Debt To Ebitda:2.42x

Coverage Ratios (2)

Interest Coverage Ratio:6.31x
Times Interest Earned:6.31

Capital Structure (4)

Working Capital:654,000,000.00
Cash And Cash Equivalents:0.00
Long Term Debt:$4.92B
Net Debt:$6.57B
DIVISION II: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS
A. Income Statement Analysis

Revenue Components (2)

Revenue TTM: $11.98B
Linear Growth: 9.4%
📊 Click to view full WAB Revenue analysis & methodology →
Cost Of Revenue Ttm:$7.79B

Profitability Breakdown (2)

Gross profit TTM: $4.19B
Linear Growth: 15.2%
📊 Click to view full WAB Gross Profit analysis & methodology →
Operating income TTM: $1.96B
Linear Growth: 20.9%
📊 Click to view full WAB Operating Income analysis & methodology →

Bottom Line Performance (3)

Net income TTM: $1.27B
Linear Growth: 22.3%
📊 Click to view full WAB Net Income analysis & methodology →
Income Before Tax:$1.70B
Ebitda Ttm:2,714,000,000.00

Operating Expenses (5)

Operating Expenses:2,226,000,000.00
R And D Expense:253,000,000.00
Sga Expense:1,637,000,000.00
Income Tax Expense:$427.00M
Interest Expense:284,000,000.00

Expense Ratios (3)

R And D To Revenue Percentage:8.0%
Sga To Revenue Percentage:51.5%
Ebitda Margin:22.7%
B. Balance Sheet Analysis

Asset Composition (5)

Total Assets:$23.13B
Current Assets:$6.04B
Ppe Net:1,653,000,000.00
Goodwill:10,603,000,000.00
Intangible Assets:$4.12B

Liability Structure (4)

Total Liabilities:11,884,000,000.00
Current Liabilities:5,387,000,000.00
Long Term Debt:$4.92B
Short Term Debt:$1.66B

Equity & Capital (3)

Equity:$11.24B
Retained Earnings:$4.53B
Common Stock:500,000,000.00

Working Capital Items (3)

Accounts Receivable:1,720,000,000.00
Inventory:2,857,000,000.00
Accounts Payable:1,427,000,000.00

Special Items (2)

Contract Liabilities:1,275,000,000.00
Stock Based Compensation:32,000,000.00
C. Cash Flow Analysis

Operating Activities (2)

Operating cash flow TTM: $1.77B
Linear Growth: 10.7%
Free cash flow TTM: $1.51B
Linear Growth: 10.1%
📊 Click to view full WAB Free Cash Flow analysis & methodology →

Investment Activities (2)

Investing Cash Flow:-$1.11B
Capital Expenditures Ttm:262,000,000.00

Financing Activities (3)

Financing Cash Flow:$656.00M
Dividends Paid Ttm:192,000,000.00
Stock Repurchase:242,000,000.00

Capital Transactions (3)

Common Stock Issuance:0.00
Long Term Debt Issuance:$0.00
Long Term Debt Repayments:$0.00

Non-Cash Items (1)

Depreciation Amortization Ttm:750,000,000.00
DIVISION III: OPERATIONAL METRICS
A. Per Share Analysis

Earnings Per Share (3)

EPS (Basic TTM):7.45
Eps diluted TTM: $7.44
Linear Growth: 25.0%
📊 Click to view full WAB EPS analysis & methodology →
Earnings Per Share Ttm:$7.50

Revenue & Cash Per Share (3)

Sales Per Share Ttm:70.85
Operating Cash Flow Per Share:$10.40
Fcf Per Share Ttm:8.90

Book Value & Capital (2)

Book Value Per Share:$66.49
Cash Per Share:-999.00

Dividend Policy (1)

Dividend Payout Ratio:14.77x
B. Operational Efficiency

Asset Utilization (2)

Asset Turnover Ttm:0.53x
Working Capital Turnover Ttm:18.32x

Receivables Management (2)

Receivables Turnover Ttm:6.97x
Days Sales Outstanding Ttm:52.40

Inventory Management (2)

Inventory Turnover Ttm:2.73x
Days Inventory Outstanding Ttm:133.86

Payables & Cash Cycle (2)

Days Payable Outstanding:66.86
Cash Conversion Cycle:119.41
C. Quality & Risk Metrics

Financial Quality Scores (2)

Financial Strength Score:60.00
Quality Score:90.00

Market Metrics (2)

Beta:0.00x
Volatility Category:unknown
DIVISION IV: INVESTMENT ANALYSIS
A. Value Investment Framework

Owner Earnings Analysis (3)

Owner earnings TTM: $1.51B
Linear Growth: 10.0%
📊 Click to view full WAB Owner Earnings analysis & methodology →
Owner Earnings Per Share:$8.90
Owner Earnings Yield:$2.99

Growth Assessment (1)

Owner Earnings Growth Rate:$10.05

Damodaran Growth Analysis (4)

Reinvestment Rate:151.3%
Fundamental Growth Rate (g):12.8%
Market-Implied Growth Rate:16.0%
Brina Gap:
-3.3%
☷ Click to view full WAB Brina Gap analysis →

Intrinsic Value Models (1)

Intrinsic Value:
$29.52B
📊 Click to view full WAB DCF valuation →

Margin of Safety (1)

Margin Of Safety:
-70.3%
📊 Click to view full WAB valuation analysis →

Return Scenarios (2)

Theoretical 5-Year Return:
-1.1%
📊 Click to view full WAB expected return analysis →
Forward Expected Return (Yield + Growth):
15.7%
📊 Click to view full WAB expected return analysis →

Investment Assessment (1)

Buffett Assessment:Overvalued
B. Log-Linear Regression Growth Analysis

Growth Rates (Log-Linear Regression) (3)

Revenue Growth Rate (Linear):9.4%
Net Income Growth Rate (Linear):22.3%
Operating Income Growth Rate (Linear):20.9%

Cash Flow Growth Rates (2)

Free Cash Flow Growth Rate (Linear):10.1%
Operating Cash Flow Growth Rate (Linear):10.7%

Other Growth Rates (3)

Gross Profit Growth Rate (Linear):15.2%
Book Value Growth Rate (Linear):3.1%
Owner Earnings Growth Rate:$10.05
C. Company Profile & Context

Corporate Information (6)

Symbol:WAB
Company Name:WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
Sector:Industrial
Industry:Railroad Equipment
Exchange:NYSE
Country:United States

Market Classification (3)

Market Cap Category:N/A
Price Category:premium
Volume Category:N/A

Share Structure (3)

Shares Outstanding:169.10M
Shares Outstanding Basic:169.10M
Shares Outstanding Diluted:169.60M

Data Processing Info (3)

Processing Version:v3.0
Last Updated:2026-08-28 15:47:18 UTC
Data Timestamp:2026-08-28T15:47:18.062630
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